In this epoch metal tools replace the stone tools. He can sell, purchase, or kill the slave without any inquiry as though the slave was an animal. Here the means of production and the worker in production is in the hands of the slave master. There was no exploitation and no classes at all. Here the conception of private ownership of the means of production did not yet exist. There was common ownership of the means and fruits of production since labor was in common. To overcome the beasts of prey or the attacks from neighboring societies, they at whatever cost had to unite. For men to survive, they were obliged to work in common. These simple tools also helped men to gather the fruits of the forest, to catch fish, to build some habitations. Later, the bow and arrow helped men to fight the beasts of prey. In this period the productive forces involve primarily stone tools. In the primitive system there is a social ownership of the means of production. Discovering history’s law of motion could help him not only to explain the past, but also to predict the future. In this Marx’s quest was to search for the law of motion which could explain not only that history had produced these various epochs but the reasons why these particular epochs unfolded as they did. These conflicts leads to five phases of history listed as follows: Primitive communal phase, Slave phase, Feudal phase, Capitalist phase, and finally the Socialist and Communist phases as a prediction of salvation of man. History to Marx is a product of conflict. The third is that the dictatorship of the proletariat leads to abolishment of all classes ushering in an era of a classless society. The second is that the question of class struggle necessarily leads to dictatorship of proletariat by the bourgeoisies. The first is that whenever we talk of existence of classes it must be bounded up by particular historical phase which tells about development of production and how it takes place. It is with historical materialism that the social evils will be diagnosed and treated diligently to rescue man.Historical materialism then, influenced Marx to come up with three things in his communist manifesto. Historical materialism also aims at applying the principles of dialectical materialism to the phenomena of the life of society. Karl Marx had a strong passion for historical materialism because it dealt with the extension of the principles of dialectical materialism to the study of social life and its history. In its proper meaning, Lenin an orthodox Marxist says, Dialectics is the study of the contradiction within the very essence of things. This process occurs not as a harmonious unfolding of phenomena, but as a disclosure of the contradictions inherent in things and phenomena. All things have their negative and positive sides, a past and a future, something dying away and something developing and that the struggle between these opposites, the struggle between the old and the new, between that which is dying away and that which is being born, between that which is disappearing and that which is developing, constitutes the internal content of the process of development, the internal content of the transformation of quantitative changes into qualitative changes. To Marx, nature cannot do away without contradictions. This characteristic was very central in articulating the idea how accumulation of wealth leads to different social-economic classes, a thing that later leads to a revolution. Marx’s dialectics therefore entails the fact that the process of progress should be understood not as movement in a circle, not as a simple repetition of events, but as an onward and upward movement, portraying an evolution from an old qualitative state to a new qualitative state, as a development from the simple to the complex, from the lower to the higher. The agenda of dialectics according to Marx looks at development as passaging from insignificant and faint quantitative changes to open the horizons of fundamental and qualitative changes taking place not at a slow pace, but rapidly and abruptly, shifting from one state to another. Quantitative Change yields to Qualitative Change
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